Common criteria for learning

1. The behavioral modification depends on a form of neural plasticity.

2. The modification depends on the organism's experiential history.

3. (a) The modification outlasts (extends beyond) the environmental contingencies used to induce it. (b) The experience has a lasting effect on performance.

4) Imposing a temporal relationship between two stimuli (S1 & S2) alters the response elicited by one, or both, stimuli