LEARNING AFTER WATSON


Clark Hull (1884-1952)

The distinction between learning and performance

The theory: Rp= (D* sHr * K * V) - (Ir + sIr)

Application to Extinction

A difficulty w/Hull's theory

Edward Tolman (1886-1959)

Reacted against S-R view

The theory: encoding S-S relations and S1-R-S2 expectancies

Comparison to the S-R approach

Evidence organisms encode the reinforcement

Evidence of learning in the absence of reinforcement

Evidence of S-S learning

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Challenges to the S-R and cognitive views

Skinner's solution

Distinction between respondent and operant behavior

Avoid theoretical speculation

Schedules of reinforcement

Fixed ratio (FR) and variable ratio (VR)

Fixed interval (FI) and variable interval (VI)

A New Formula for Behaviorism

Kimble's assessment of Watson's legacy

Behaviorism & intervening variables

Remaining tied to objective observations through converging operations

Methodological versus radical behaviorism

 

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