WHEN DOES LEARNING OCCUR
Historical view
Contiguity is necessary and sufficient
Challenges to the notion that contiguity is necessary
Temporal contiguity and taste aversion learning
Challenges to the notion that contiguity is sufficient
Overshadowing and blocking
The attentional account
Informational account
MODELS OF PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING
RESCORLA-WAGNER MODEL (1972)
The model
Application
Acquisition
Blocking
Overshadowing
Extinction
Conditioned inhibition
US pre-exposure effect
Novel predictions
Overexpectation
Contingency effects
A CONDITIONED OPPONENT THEORY (Schull, 1979)
The theory
An extension of opponent process theory
Assumes the b-process can be conditioned
Posits
Lamda reflects the magnitude of the a-process
Vt reflects the strength of the conditioned b
Substitutes (a-b) for (lamda-Vt)
Evidence b-processes can be conditioned
A conditioning account of opiate tolerance (Siegel)
Conditioned analgesia & antianalgesia
VARIATION IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CS (Pearce & Hall, 1980)
Decrements in CS processing
Latent inhibition
Increments in CS processing
An unexpected S-S relation enhances conditioning (Wilson, 1992)
COMPARATOR HYPOTHESIS (Miller)
Attributes variation in responding to performance factors
Posits
CS and context are independently associated with the US
Prob. of a CR depends on expectation during CS relative to training context
A novel prediction
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