April 5, 2005

 

JAMES W. GRAU

 

Birth Date:                July 27, 1957

 

Addresses:                 Department of Psychology                  16855 Calumet Trail

                                    Texas A & M University                  College Station, TX 77845

                                    College Station, TX 77843

 

                                    (409) 845-2584                                   (409) 690-7510

 

E-mail:                       J-GRAU@TAMU.EDU

 

Current Status:         Professor

                                    Department of Psychology and Faculty of Neuroscience

                                    Texas A&M University

 

Education:                 B.A. University of Colorado, Psychology and Molecular,

                                                Cellular and Developmental Biology, 1981

                                    M.A. University of Pennsylvania, Psychology, 1982

                                    Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, Psychology, 1985

 

Honors:                     Phi Beta Kappa, APA Fellow (Divisions 3, 6 & 28)

                                    President of Division 6 (2004-2005, elected 2003)

                                    University Faculty Fellow Award (2000-2005; $100,000)

                                    University Research Award, 2001

 

Professional Experience:

 

Research Assistant   Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 1978-1981, under Dr. S. F. Maier

Research Assistant   Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 1982, under Dr. R. A. Rescorla

Instructor (Learning)           Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 1984-1985

Vis. Asst. Professor  Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985-1987

Assistant Professor  Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, 1987-1992

Visiting Scholar        Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1993-1994

Associate Professor Department of Psychology and Faculty of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 1992-1998

Visiting Scholar        Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Spring, 1998

Professor                   Department of Psychology and Faculty of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 1998-present

Teaching Interests:

 

            Learning, Perception, Physiological, Neurobiology of Learning

 

Instruction of Courses at the University of North Carolina:

 

PSYC 22         Learning: Fall, 1985; Spring, 1986; Fall, 1986

PSYC 104       Cognitive Psychology (Current Topics in Psychology): Spring, 1987

PSYC 201       Experimental Methods: Conditioning and Learning: Fall, 1986 (Guest Lecturer)

PSYC 202       Biological Psychology: Spring, 1987 (Guest Lecturer)

PSYC 301       Seminar on Animal Learning and Memory: Spring, 1986 (with D. Eckerman)

PSYC 333       Research Seminar in Expermental Psychology: Fall, 1985; Fall, 1986 (Organized with M. Picker)

PSYC 334       Research Seminar in Experimental Psychology: Spring, 1986, 1987 (Organized with M. Picker)

 

Instruction of Courses at Texas A & M University:

 

PSYC 107       Introduction to Psychology: Fall 1987; Spring, 1988

PSYC 107H    Introduction to Psychology, Honors: Fall, 1989; Spring, 1989

PSYC 320       Sensation-Perception: Spring, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 2001; Fall, 1999; Summer, 1995

PSYC 320H    Sensation-Perception, Honors: Fall, 1991

PSYC 340       Psychology of Learning: Fall, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001; Spring, 1990

PSYC 340H    Psychology of Learning, Honors: Fall, 1990; Spring, 1992, 2000, Fall, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003

PSYC 345H    Human Cognitive Processes, Honors: Spring, 1988

PSYC 606       Classical Conditioning and Instrumental Learning: Fall, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002

PSYC 615       Perceptual Processes: Spring, 1997; Fall, 1999

PSYC 649       Seminar in Behavioral Neuroscience (Mechanisms of Learning): Spring, 1995, 1999

PSYC 689       Special Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience (Pain Modulation): Spring, 1990

 

Instruction of Courses at University of Texas

 

PSYC 394       Contemporary Learning Theory: Spring, 1994 (with M. Domjan)

PSYC 394       Neurobehavioral Studies of Learning: Spring, 1998 (with M. Domjan and Paco Gonzalez-Lima)

 

Postdoctoral Trainees

 

Michelle Hook (2002-present)

Adam Ferguson (2003-2004)

 

Ph.D. Committee Service:

 

            Eddie Vela (Smith, 1988-1989)   

            Cathy Grover (Nation, 1989-1991) 

            Paul Illich (Chair, 1990-1993)

            Margaret Hale (Seaman, 1992-1993)

            D. Hodgson (Bond [Marquarie Univ.], 1993)

            Tamara King (Chair, 1994-1997)

            Stephen Balfour (Smith, 1995-1997)

            Robert T. Burkey (Nation, 1993-1995)

            Robin L. Joynes (Chair, 1995-1998)

            Lance R. McMahon (Wellman, 1994-1998)

            Jamie Rhudy (Meagher, 1998-2000)

            Woojin Lee (Batchelor (Environmental Engineering), 1998-2001)

            Eric Crown (Chair, 2000-2002)

            Adam Ferguson (Chair, 2000-2003)

            Robin Johnson (Meagher, 2003-present)

            Jeff Grimes (Meagher, 2003-present)

            Suzannah Creech (Meagher, 2004-present)

            Stephanie Washburn (Chair, 2005-present)

 

M.A. Committee Sevice:

 

            Paul Illich (Chair, 1988-1990)  

            Mandy Biles (Chair, 1989-1990)

            Tamara King (Chair, 1992-1994)

            Charles Kalina (Chair, 1992-1994)

            Robin L. Joynes (Chair, 1993-1995)

            Lance L. McMahon (Wellman, 1992-1994)

            Clay Splawn (McCann, 1995-1996)

            Jamie Rhudy (Meagher, 1996-1998)

            Simon Dembitzer (Allen, 1997-1998)

            Magy Seif El-nasr (Computer Science, 1997-1999)

            Amy Sieve (Chair, 1997-2000)

            Eric Crown (Chair, 1997-2000)

            Brian Partridge (Schenk, 1997-2000)

            Jose Reynoso (Cepeda, 1997-2001)

            Adam Ferguson (Chair, 1998-2001)

            Erik Jackiw (Allen (Philosophy), 1998-2001)

            Robin Johnson (Meagher, 2000-2003)

            Jeff Grimes (Meagher, 2001-2003)

            Suzannah Creech (Meagher, 2001-2004)

            Stephanie Washburn (Chair, 2002-2005)

            Anne Bopp (Chair, 2002-2005)

            Denise Puga (Chair, 2004-present)

Honors Thesis Committee Service:

 

            Andrea L. Brown (Hollins, 1986) 

            John A. Pelkey (Hollins, 1987)

            Dawn Dekle (Chair, 1988-1989)   

            Keven Chen (Chair, 1990-1991)

            Kyle Burks (Chair, 1991-1992)

            Jesse McKenney (Chair, 1992-1993)

            Kamran Janjua (Chair, 1994-1995)

            Heath Penland (Chair, 1996-1997)

            Sherilyn McLemore (Chair, 1997-1998)

            Brianne Patton (Chair, 2000-2001)

            Grace Liu (Chair, 2001-2002)

            Christine Petrich (2005-2006)

 

Independent Study Students:

 

            James Bichsel (1986)                                     Leslie Schwandt (1987)

            Chana Baum (1988)                                     Georgetta Brown (1988)

            Mandy Morrison (1988-1989)                     Juan Salinas (1988-1990)

            Dan O'Keefe (1989)                                      Wendy Roe (1989)

            Keven Chen (1989-1990)                             Julie Barter (1990-1992)

            Pamela Sellers (1990-1991)                          Kyle Burks (1991)

            Bryan Rumsey (1991)                                  Charles Parker (1991-1992)     

            Rebecca Perez (1991-1992)                          Margaret Payne (1993)

            Jennifer Surber (1992-1993)                                    Kamran Janjua (1993)

            Douglas Barstow (1992-1993)                     Heath Penland (1996)

            Darren Minke (1997-1998)                          Sherilyn McLemore (1997-1998)

            Mark Naftanel (1999)                                  Grace Lui (1997-2002)

            Brie Patton (1999-2002)                               Shivali Dhruv (2000-2002)

            Stephanie Washburn (2000-2002)              Jill Olson (2001)

            David Kiehnhoff (2002)                               Christine George (2002-2003)

            Russell Huie (2002-2005)                             Marissa Maultsby (2004-present)

            Christine Petrich (2004-present)                Cynthia Lin (2004-present)

 

Administrative Service: Director of Graduate Studies (1996-1999)

 

Department Committee Service:

Advisory Committee (1996-2005)

Animal Care (1987-1993; Chair, 1987-2000)

Area Head, Behavioral Neuroscience (2000-present; in 3rd term)

Behavioral Neuroscience Search Committee (2002 (Spring & Fall), Fall 2004, Chair)

Cognitive Neuroscience Search Committee (1989)

Developmental Search Committee (2000)

Department Operations Review (2000-2003)

Doctoral Program Review (2000-2002)

Graduate Admissions (1988-1992, 1998-1999, 2002; Chair, 1989-1991, 1995-1997, 1999-2001)

Graduate Program Poster (Chair, 1987-1991, 1996)

Graduate Studies (1994-1995, 1999-2001; Chair, 1996-1999)

Head Search Committee (2002, elected as representative of full professors)

Library (Department Representative, 1987-1989; 1989-1990)

Program Structure (1988-1989)

Special Events (1994-1995)

Web Advisory (1995-1996; 2000-2001)

 

College Committee Service:

         Graduate Instruction Committee (1995-1998)

 

University Committee Service:

         TAMU Neuroscience Student Travel Awards (1995-1997)

         Faculty of Neuroscience Membership Committee (1999-2003)

         Life Science Advisory Committee (2004-present)

         Life Science Building Committee (2001-present)

         Life Science Task Force (2002-present; co-Chair, 2004)

         University Lab Animal Care Committee (2001-2002)

 

National Service:

 

         APA:      Membership & Growth Committee, Division 6 (1997-2000)

                        Secretary/Treasurer, Division 6 (1999-2003)

                        Elected President, Division 6 (2003-2005)

 

         Consulting Editor: Behavioral Neuroscience (1998-present)

 

         Journal Review:

 

Adaptive Behavior

Animal Behaviour

Animal Learning and Behavior

Behavioral Neuroscience

Behavioural Brain Research

Experimental Neurology

Journal of Behavioral and Neuroscience Research

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

Journal of Neurophysiology

Journal of Neuroscience

Learning and Motivation,

Memory and Cognition

Pharmacology, Biochemisrty & Behavior

Psyche

Physiological Psychology,

Physiology & Behavior

Psychobiology

Psychological Review,

Psychopharmacology

Teaching of Psychology       

 

         Grant Review:

               Ad hoc reviewer for NSF

               NINDS Program Projects, 1999

 

International Service:

            Symposium on Spinal Cord Plasticity,UCLA, November, 1998

            Australian Research Council Panel of Assessors

 

Dissertation:             "The central representation of an aversive event maintains

                                    the opioid and nonopioid forms of analgesia"

 

Current Research Interests:

            Spinal learning (Pavlovian and instrumental)

            Recovery of function after spinal cord injury

            Role of learning and memory in pain modulation

            Sensitization, anxiety and hyperalgesia

            Pain measurement

           


Professional Organizations:

            American Psychological Association (Fellow)

            American Psychological Society

            International Pain Society

            Neurotrauma

            Psychonomic Society

            Society for Neuroscience

 

Invited Presentations:

American Psychological Association (3)

Brown University-Psychology

Dartmouth University-Psychology

Duke University-Biopsychology (2)

Nanotech., Biotech., Information Tech. and Cognitive Science (UCLA)

OSU-Neuroscience

Southwestern University-Neuroscience

Texas A&M-Neuroscience (2)

UCLA-Biopsychology

UCLA-Neuroscience

UCLA-Symposium on Spinal Cord Plasticity

University of Indiana

University of Iowa (2)

University of North Carolina-Biopsychology (2)

University of Texas-Biopsychology (4)

University of Texas Health Science Center (2)

Yale University-Biopsychology


Federal Grant Support (PI):

 

NIDA Grant, "The role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in pain", 1/87-6/88, $21,289.

NIDA Grant, "Activation of the hormonal form of opioid analgesia", 5/89-4/90, $33,134.

NSF Grant, "Conditioned changes in pain reactivity: The variables which determine the direction and the form of the conditioned response", 3/89-2/91, $74,651.

NIMH Grant, "Spinal plasticity and pain: Mechanisms and function", 5/92-4/96, $233,491.

 

NIMH Grant, "Sensitization: Behavioral properties & neural mechanisms", 12/96-11/00, $335,591 (1.3 percentile).

 

NIMH Grant, ŇSpinal cord plasticity: Behavioral and neural mechanismsÓ, 4/1/00-3/31/04, $646,416.

 

NINDS Grant, ŇSpinal cord plasticity and the recovery of functionÓ, 12/1/01-11/30/06, $1,961,450.

 

Other Support:

TAMU Minigrant: "Activation of the analgesic systems at the level of the brainstem", 1/1/88-7/31/88, $750.

Biomedical Research Support Grant: "A behavioral technique to assess the role of neural systems and peptides in pain, and their contribution to behavioral plasticity", 4/1/88-3/31/89, $5,000.

TAMU Minigrant, "Sensitization of the opioid system by food deprivation", 5/89-12/89, $800.

Texas Advanced Research Program, "Opioid sensitization: Determinants and neural mechanisms", 11/89-8/92, $62,536.

TAMU Minigrant: "Pain modulation in the spinal cord", 7/90-12/90, $1,000.

Biomedical Research Support Grant: "Conditioned hyperalgesia: When does it occur and how does it affect pain reactivity?", 4/91-3/92, $5,500.

TAMU Minigrant: "The impact of food deprivation on morphine's reinforcing effects", 6/93-12/93, $900.

TAMU Minigrant: "The role of the THC receptor in learned helplessness", 5/94-10/94, $1,448.

TAMU Program to Enhance Scholarly and Creative Activities: "Unconditioned hyperalgesia: A preliminary analysis of the underlying nerual mechanisms", 5/96-4/97, $7,466.

TAMU Faculty Fellow Award, 9/00-8/05, $100,000.

References:

 

Robert A. Rescorla                                       215 898-5096

Department of Psychology                                    rescorla@cattell.psych.upenn.edu

University of Pennsylvania

3815 Walnut Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104-3604

 

Steven F. Maier                                            303 492-6275

Department of Psycology                          smaier@psych.colorado.edu

University of Colorado

Campus Box 345

Boulder, CO 80309

 

Michael Domjan                                           512 471-7702

Department of Psychology                                    domjan@psy.utexas.edu

University of Texas

Austin, TX 78712

 

 

Other individuals familiar with my work:

 

Reggie Edgerton-UCLA

Michael Fanselow-UCLA

Jerry Rudy-Colorado

Michela Gallagher-Johns Hopkins

Bruce Overmier-University of Minnesota

 

 

 

Refereed Publications:

 

1.  Maier, S. F., Coon, D. J., McDaniel., M. A., Jackson, R. L., and Grau, J. W. (1979). The time course of learned helplessness, inactivity, and nociceptive deficits in rats. Learning and  Motivation, 10, 467-487.

 

2.  Maier, S. F., Davies, S., Grau, J. W., Jackson, R. R., Morrison, D. H., Moye, T., Madden, J., and Barchas, J. D. (1980). Opiate antagonists and the long-term analgesic reaction induced by inescapable shock in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 94, 1172-1183.

 

3.  Drugan, R. C., Grau, J. W., Maier, S. F., Madden, J., and Barchas, J. D.  (1981). Cross tolerance between morphine and  the long-term analgesic reaction to inescapable shock. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 14, 677-682.

 

4.  Grau, J. W., Hyson, R. L., Maier, S. F., Madden, J., and  Barchas, J. D. (1981).  Long-term stress-induced analgesia  and activation of the opiate system. Science, 213,  1409-1411.

 

5.  Moye, T. B., Coon, D. J., Grau, J. W., and Maier, S. F. (1981).  Therapy and immunization of long-term analgesia in rats. Learning and Motivation, 12, 133-148.

 

6.  Hyson, R. L., Ashcraft, L. H., Drugan, R. C., Grau, J. W., and Maier, S. F. (1982). Extent and control of shock affects naltrexone sensitivity of stress-induced analgesia and  reactivity to morphine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and  Behavior, 17, 1019-1025.

 

7.  Maier, S. F., Drugan, R. C., and Grau, J. W. (1982).  Controllability, coping behavior, and stress-induced  analgesia in the rat. Pain, 12, 47-56.

 

8.  Moye, T. B., Hyson, R. L., Grau, J. W. and Maier, S. F. (1983). Immunization of opioid analgesia: Effects of prior escapable shock on subsequent shock-induced and morphine-induced antinociception. Learning and Motivation, 14, 238-251.

 

9.  Grau, J. W. and Rescorla, R. A. (1984). Role of context in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 324-332.

 

10.  Grau, J. W. (1984).  Influence of naloxone on shock-induced freezing and analgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 278-292.

 

11.  Rescorla, R. A., Grau, J. W. and Durlach, P. J. (1985). Analysis  of the unique cue in configural conditioning. Journal of  Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 356-366.

 

12.  Grau, J. W. (1987). The central representation of an aversive event maintains the opioid and nonopioid forms of analgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 101, 272-288.

 

13.  Grau, J. W. (1987). The variables which control the activation of analgesic systems: Evidence for a memory hypothesis and against the coulometric hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 13, 215-225.

 

14.  Grau, J. W., & Kemler-Nelson, D. G. (1988). The distinction between  integral and separable dimensions: Evidence for integrality of pitch and loudness. Journal of Experimental Psychology:  General, 117, 347-370.

 

15.  Meagher, M. W. and Grau, J. W, & King, R. A. . (1989).  Prefrontal cortex lesions block the opioid  and nonopioid  hypoalgesia elicited by brief shocks, but not long shock-induced hypoalgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 1366-1371.

 

16.  Meagher, M. W., Grau, J. W., & King, R. A. (1990). The role of supraspinal systems in analgesia: The impact of spinalization and decerebration on the analgesia observed after very brief versus long shocks. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 328-338.

 

17.  Grau, J. W., Salinas, J. A., Illich, P. A., & Meagher, M. W. (1990). Associative learning and memory for an antinociceptive response in the spinalized rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 489-494.

 

18.  Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1990). The impact of shock  on reactivity to a tactile stimulus. Learning and Motivation, 21, 287-298.

 

19.  Grau, J. W.,  Illich, P. A., Chen, P., & Meagher, M. W. (1991). The role of cholinergic systems in pain modulation I: The impact of scopolamine on shock-induced hypoalgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 105-124.

 

20.  Grau, J. W., Biles, M. K., & Illich, P. A. (1991). The impact of naltrexone and morphine tolerance on mild shock-induced analgesia. Psychobiology, 19, 85-90.

 

21.  Illich, P.A., Salinas, J.A., & Grau, J.W. (1991). Conditioned changes in pain reactivity II: In search of the elusive phenomenon of conditioned hyperalgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 478-481.

 

22.  Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1991). Conditioned changes in pain reactivity I: A discrete CS elicits hypoalgesia, not hyperalgesia, on the tail-flick test. Learning and Motivation, 22,  421-438.

 

23.  Illich, P. A., Allen, A., & Grau, J. W. (1991). Long-term effects of food deprivation II: Impact on mild shock-induced hypoalgesia. Psychobiology, 19, 345-354.

 

24.  Biles, M. K., Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1992). Long-term effects of food deprivation II: Impact on morphine reactivity. Psychobiology, 20, 85-91.

 

 

25.  Meagher, M. W., Chen, P., Salinas, J. A., & Grau, J. W. (1993). Activation of the opioid and nonopioid hypoalgesic systems at the level of the brainstem and spinal cord: Does a coulometric relation predict the emergence or form of environmentally-induced hypoalgesia? Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 493-505.

 

26.  Illich, P. A., Salinas, J.A., & Grau, J. W. (1994). Latent inhibition and overshadowing of an antinociceptive response in spinalized rats.  Behavioral and Neural Biology, 62, 140-150.

 

27.  Kallina, C. F., & Grau, J. W.  (1995).  The Tail-Flick Test I:  The Impact of a Suprathreshold Exposure to Radiant Heat.  Physiology and Behavior, 58, 161-165.

 

28.  Illich, P. A., King, T. E., & Grau, J. W. (1995).  Impact of shock on pain reactivity: I. Whether hypo- or hyperalgesia is observed depends on how pain reactivity is tested.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 331-347.

 

29.  Meagher, M. W., Barter, J., King, T. E., & Grau, J. W. (1995).  Presentation of a distractor speeds the decay of a pentobarbital-insensitive nonopioid hypoalgesia in rats.  Psychobiology, 23, 314-321.

 

30.  Prentice, T. W., Joynes, R. L., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W. (1996).  Impact of shock on pain reactivity: III. The magnitude of hypoalgesia observed depends on test location.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 528-541.

 

31.  King, T. E., Joynes, R. L., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1996).  Impact of shock on pain reactivity: II. Evidence for enhanced pain.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 22, 265-278.

 

32.  Grau, J. W., Burks, K., Kallina, C. F., King, T. E., & Meagher, M. W. (1996). Activation of the opioid and nonopioid antinociceptive systems in pentobarbital anesthetized rats: Assessing the role of shock severity.  Psychobiology, 24, 71-84.

 

33.  Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (1996).  Mechanisms of Pavlovian conditioning: The role of protection from habituation in spinal conditioning.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 110, 1375-1387.

 

34.  Joynes, R. L., Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1997). Evidence for spinal conditioning in intact rats.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 67, 64-68.

 

35.  King, T. E., Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W. (1997). The Tail-Flick Test II: The role of supraspinal systems and avoidance learning.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 754-767.

 

36.  Grau, J. W., Barstow, D. G.  & Joynes, R. L.  (1998).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: I.  Behavioral properties. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 1366-1386.

 

 

37.  King, T. E., Crown, E. D., Sieve, A. N., Joynes, R. L., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (1999).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia: I. Evidence forebrain systems play an essential role.  Behavioural Brain Research, 100, 33-42.

 

38.  McLemore, S., Crown, E. D., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1999).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia: II. Role of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 539-549.

 

39.  Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (1999).  Pain Modulation: It's a two-way street. Pschological Science Agenda, 12 (3), 10-12.

 

40.  Crown, E. D., King, T. E., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (2000).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia: III.  Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the basolateral and central amygdaloid nuclei.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 114, 561-573.

 

41.  Sieve, A. N., King, T. E., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (2001).  Pain and negative affect: Evidence the inverse benzodiazepine agonist DMCM inhibits pain and learning.  Psychopharmacology, 153, 180-190.

 

42.  Meagher, M. W., Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., McLemore, S., King, T. E., Sieve, A. N., & Grau, J. W.  (2001).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia IV: Generality.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 219-238.

 

43.  Crown, E. D., & Grau, J. W.  (2001).  Preserving and restoring behavioral potential within the spinal cord using an instrumental training paradigm.  Journal of Neurophysiolog, 86, 845-855.

 

44.  Crown, E. D., Ferguson, A. R., Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (2002).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation.  Physiology & Behavior, 77, 259-267. 

 

45.  Crown, E. D., Joynes, R. L., Ferguson, A. R., & Grau, J. W.  (2002).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: IV.  Induction and retention of the behavioral deficit observed after noncontingent shock.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 116, 1032-1051.

 

46.  Ferguson, A. R., Washburn, S. N., Crown, E.D., & Grau, J. W. (2003).  GABAA receptor activation is involved in non-contingent shock inhibition of instrumental conditioning in spinal rat.  Behavioral Neuroscience. 117, 799-812.

 

47.  Joynes, R. L, Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., Patton, B. C., & Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: V.  Evidence the behavioral deficit observed after noncontingent nociceptive stimulation reflects an intraspinal modification.  Behavioural Brain Research, 141, 159-170.

 

48.  Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (2004).  Instrumental learning with the spinal cord: III.  Prior exposure to noncontingent shock induces a behavioral deficit that is blocked by an opioid antagonist.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82, 35-51.

 

49.  Hook, M. A., Ferguson, A. R., Garcia, G., Washburn, S. N., Koehly, L. M., & Grau, J. W.  (2004).  Monitoring recovery after injury: Procedures for deriving the optimal test window.  Neurotrauma, 21, 109-118.

 

50.  Joynes, R. L., Janjua, K. R., & Grau, J. W.  (2004).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: VI.  Discruption of learning by the NMDA antagonist APV.  Behavioural Brain Research, 154, 431-438.

 

51.  Patton, B. C., Hook, M. A., Crown, E. D., Ferguson, A. R.,    & Grau, J. W. (2004). The behavioral deficit observed following noncontingent shock in spinalized rats is prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 653-658.

 

52.  Ferguson, A. R., Patton, B. C., Bopp, A. C., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (2004).  Brief exposure to a mild stressor enhances morphine conditioned place preference in male rats.  Psychopharmacology, 175, 47-52.

 

53.  Crown, E. D., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (2004).  Pain in a balance: Noxious events engage opposing processes that concurrently modulate nociceptive reactivity.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 1418-1426.

 

54.  Ferguson, A. R., Hook, M. A., Garcia, G., Bresnahan, J. C., Beattie, M. S., & Grau, J. W.  (2004).  A simple transformation that improves the metric properties of the BBB scale.  Neurotrauma, 21, 1601-1613.

 

55.  Grau, J. W., Washburn, S. N., Hook, M. A., Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., Garcia, G., Bolding, K. A., & Miranda, R. C.  (2004).  Uncontrollable nociceptive stimulation undermines recovery after spinal cord injury.  Neurotrauma, 21, 1795-1817.

 

56.  Grau, J. W., & Joynes, R. L.  (2005).  A neural-functionalist approach to learning.  International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 18, 1-22.

 

57.  Grau, J. W., & Joynes, R. L.  (2005).  Neurofunctionalism revisited: Learning is more than you think it is.  International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 18, 46-59.

 

58.  Liu, G. T., Crown, E. D., Miranda, R. C., & Grau, J. W. (2005).  Instrumental learning within the rat spinal cord: Localization of the essential neural circuit.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 119.

 

Books

 

1.  Patterson, M. M., & Grau, J. W.  (2001).  Spinal cord plasticity: Alterations in reflex function.  Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

 

Book Chapters:

 

1.  Maier, S. F., Drugan, R. C., Grau, J. W., Hyson, R. L.,  MacLennan, A. J., Moye, T. B., Madden, J., and Barchas,  J. D. (1982). Learned helplessness, pain inhibition, and  the endogenous opiates. In M. D. Zeiler, and P. Harzem (Eds.),  Advances in Analysis of Behavior, Vol. 4. New York:  John Wiley and Sons.

 

2.  Rescorla, R. A., Durlach, P. J. and Grau, J. W. (1985). Contextual learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In P. Balsam and A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and Learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.

 

3.  Grau, J. W. & Joynes, R. L.  (2001).  Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning within the spinal cord: Methodological issues.  In M. M. Patterson & J. W. Grau (Eds.), Spinal cord plasticity: Alterations in reflex function.  Kluwer Academic Publishers.

 

4.  Grau, J. W. & Joynes, R. L.  (2001).  Spinal cord plasticity and the recovery of function.  In M. E. Carroll & J. B. Overmier (Eds.), Linking animal research and human psychological health.  Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 

5.  Grau, J. W.  (2002).  Learning and memory without a brain.  In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal.  Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

 

Commentaries and Entries:

 

1.  Maier, S.F., Davies, S., Grau, J. W., Jackson, R. R., Morrison, D. H., Moye, T., Madden, J., and Barchas, J. D. (1986). Opiate antagonists and the long-term analgesic reaction induced by inescapable shock in rats. Reprinted in N. A. Marlin (Ed.), Directed Readings for the Principles of Learning & Behavior, (2nd edition). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

 

2.  Domjan, M., & Grau, J. W.  (2000).  Avoidance Learning.  In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology.  Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, and New York: Oxford University Press.

 

3.  Grau, J. W.  (2000).  Instrumental conditioning.  In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Psychology and Neuroscience (3rd edition).  New York: John Wiley & Sons.

 

4.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Learning from an invertebrate.  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

5.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Eyeblink conditioning and the search for the engram.  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

6.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Helplessness within the spinal cord.  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

7.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Fear and the amygdala.  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

8.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Learning as synaptic plasticity: Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

9.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Genes and learning.  In M. DomjanŐs Principles of learning and behavior, 5th edition.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

10.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Instrumental conditioning.  In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), Corsini Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology and Beahvioral Sciences.  New York: John Wiley & Sons.

 

11.  Grau, J. W.  (2003).  Instrumental conditioning.  In M. Bekoff (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior.  Greenwood Publishing Group.

Published Abstracts:

 

1.  Grau, J. W. (1986). The central representation of an aversive event maintains the opioid and nonopioid forms of analgesia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 4434B.

 

2.  Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W. (1987). Lesions of the frontal cortex attenuate the analgesia observed after very brief, but not long,  shocks. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 13, 990.

 

3.  Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W. (1987). Decerebration blocks the  analgesia observed after very brief, but not long, shocks.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 13, 990.

 

4.  Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W. (1988). The impact of cholinergic drugs on mild shock-induced analgesia parallels their impact on memory. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 14, 709.

 

5.  Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W. (1988). Intense, but not weak, shocks induce a transient nonopioid, and a long-lasting opioid, analgesia in spinal rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 14, 709.

 

6.  Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1989). Previously food deprived rats exhibit a naltrexone reversible increase in both reactivity to shock and shock-induced analgesia. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 15, 156.

 

7.  Biles, M. K., Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1989). Previously food deprived rats exhibit an exaggerated morphine analgesia. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 15, 847.

 

8.  Meagher, M. W., Grau, J. W., & King, R. A. (1989). Does a coulometric relation determine whether analgesia in the decerebrate rat is opioid or nonopioid in form? Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 15, 850.

 

9.  Salinas, J. A., Illich, P. A., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W. (1989). Conditioned analgesia in the spinalized rat. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 15, 847.

 

10.  Salinas, J. A., Illich, P. A., & Grau, J. W. (1990). Latent inhibition and overshadowing of a conditioned antinociceptive response in the spinalized rat. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 16, 99.

 

11.  Biles, M. K., Barter, J. M., & Grau, J. W. (1990). Adrenalectomy and dexamethasone attenuate mild shock-induced analgesia. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 16, 99.

 

12.  Chen, P. S., Illich, P. A., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J.W. (1990). The impact of scopolamine on conditioned and shock-induced analgesia. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 16, 99.

 

13.  Biles, M. K., & Grau, J. W. (1991). A period of restraint is necessary to observe a strong opioid analgesia after mild shock or a low-dose of morphine in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 17, 110.

 

14.  Chen, P. S., Illich, P.A., Meagher, M.W., & Grau, J. W. (1991). Impact of scopolamine and yohimbine on pain reactivity and shock-induced antinociception in spinalized rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 17, 1374.

 

15.  Illich, P. A., Burks, K. D., & Grau, J. W. (1991). Associative learning of an antinociceptive response at the level of the spinal cord in intact rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 17, 1008.

 

16.  Grau, J. W., Illich, P. A., Burks, K. D., & Meagher, M. W. (1992). Influence of shock severity on the activation of analgesic systems in pentobarbital treated rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 18, 686.

 

17.  Parker, C. W., Illich, P. A., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W. (1992). Controllable, but not uncontrollable shock elicits an antinociception in spinalized rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 18, 1026.

 

18.  Illich, P. A., Parker, C. W., Burks, K. D., & Grau, J. W. (1992). Mild shock produces an unconditioned naltrexone-insensitive increase in reactivity on the vocalization magnitude and threshold tests. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 18, 1026.

 

19.  King, T. E., Payne, M., & Grau, J. W. (1993). Evidence the tail-flick response is spinally mediated in rats irrespective of test temperature. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 19, 965.

 

20.  Kallina, C. F., King, T. E., & Grau, J. W. (1993). A supra-threshold tail-flick trial induces hyperalgesia in pentobarbital anesthetized rats but not in awake rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 19, 966.

 

21.  Barstow, D. G., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W. (1993). The importance of equating flexion force when studying "instrumental learning" in   spinalized subjects. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 19, 1001.

 

22.  King, T. E., & Grau, J. W.  (1994).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats: Behavioral properties.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 762.

 

23.  Joynes, R. L., Prentice, T. W., & Grau, J. W. (1994).  Conditioned antinociception in the spinalized rat The role of nonassociative mechanisms.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 762.

 

24.  Prentice, T. W., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W. (1994).  The magnitude of shock-induced antinociception observed on the tail-flick test in rats depends on where radiant heat is applied.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 764.

 

25.  Barstow, D. G., Grau, J. W., Joynes, R. L., & Prentice, T. W. (1994).  The relative contribution of shock onset (punishment) and offset (escape) to learning of a flexion response in the spinal rat.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 787.

 

26.  Joynes, R. L., Janjua, K. R., & Grau, J. W.  (1995).  Operant learning at the level of the spinal cord is blocked by the NMDA antagonist APV.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 21, 415.

 

27.  King, T. E., Grau, J. W.  (1995).  Avoidance learning on the tail-flick test.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 21, 388.

 

28. King, T. E., Joynes, R. L., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1996).  Shock-induced hyperaglesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22, 120.

 

29. Grau, J. W., Joynes, R. L., Penland, H. R.  (1996).  Inescapable shock disrupts spinal learning: Evidence for spinal mediation and naltrexone reversibility.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22, 1840

 

30. Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (1996).  Conditioned antinociception in spinal rats: Associative learning versus protection from habituation.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22.

 

31.  Joynes, R. L., McLemore, S., & Grau, J. W. (1997).  Operant learning at the level of the spinal cord: Induction and retention.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23, 1041.

 

32.  King, T. E., Joynes, R. L., Minke, D. E., Penland, H., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1997).  Deep lesions of the frontal pole eliminate shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23, 161.

 

33.  Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  Noncontingent shock disrupts learning in spinal rats: Reversibility by intrathecal naltrexone during testing.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 1152.

 

34.  Sieve, A., King, T., Crown, E., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  The role of anxiety in shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 1901.

 

35.  Crown, E. D., King, T. E., Meagher, M. W., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  Amydala lesions block shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 1901.

 

36.  McLemore, S., Crown, E. D., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (1998).  Dorsolateral periaqueductal gray lesions eliminate shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 1901.

 

37.  Meagher, M. W., McLemore, S., King, T. E., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  The generality of shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24, 1901.

 

38.  Joynes, R. L., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  Noncontingent shock disrupts learning in spinal rats: Reversibility by intrathecal opioid antagonists during testing.  Symposium on Spinal Cord Plasticity, UCLA, November, 1998.

 

39.       Crown, E. D., Joynes, R. L., Ferguson, A. R., & Grau, J. W.  (1998).  Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: Exposure to noncontingent shock disrupts learning for at least 20 hours.  Symposium on Spinal Cord Plasticity, UCLA, November, 1998.

 

40.       Meagher, M. W., Crown, E. D., & Grau, J. W.  (1999).  Evidence inescapable shock produces hyperalgesia in rats.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25, 688.

 

41.           Crown, E. D., & Grau, J. W.  (1999).  Instrumental learning of a flexion resonse in spinalized rats: Evidence that prior learning facilitates acquisition on the contralateral leg.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25, 2156.

 

42.           Ferguson, A., Crown, E., & Grau, J. W.  (1999).  Instrumental learning of a flexion response in spinalized rats: Evidence learning depends on the sciatic nerve.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25, 2156.

 

43.           Grau, J. W., & Crown, E. D.  (2000).  Instrumental learning in spinalized rats: Characteristing the behavioral deficit observed after noncontingent shock.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 2207.

 

44.           Ferguson, Crown, E. D., Dhruv, S., Washburn, S. N., & Grau, J. W.  (2000).  Instrumental learning in spinalized rats: The GABA antagonist bicuculline prevents the behavioral deficit observed after noncontingent shock.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 2207.

 

45.       Crown, E. D., & Grau, J. W.  (2000).  Instrumental learning of a flexion response in spinalized rats: Evidence for behavioral immunization and therapy.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 2207.

 

46.       Meagher, M. W., Crown, E. D., Patton, B., Ferguson, A. R., & Grau, J. W.  (2000).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats: Dorsolateral funiculus lesions unveil hyperalgesia after long shock.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 653.

 

47.       Sieve, A. N., Garcia, G., Crown, E. D., Grau, J. W., & Meagher, M. W.  (2000).  Shock-induced hyperalgesia in rats: Evidence the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray is necessary but not sufficient.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 653.

 

 

 

48.       Grau, J. W., Garcia, G., Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., & Miranda, R. C.  (2001).  Exposure to a nociceptive stimulus impairs recovery after a contusion injury.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 27, 2039.

 

49.       Ferguson, A. R., Crown, E. D., Washburn, S. N.., Miranda, R. C., & Grau, J. W.  (2001).  Instrumental learning in spinalized rats: Peripheral inflammation undermines behavioral potential in the spinal cord.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 27, 2202.

 

50.       Crown, E., Ferguson, A., Dhruv, S., Patton, B., & Grau, J. W.  (2001).  Descending noradrenergic systems protect spinal cord neurons from the deleterious effects of nociceptive stimulation.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 27, 2482.

 

51.       S.N.Washburn, A.R.Ferguson, B.C.Patton, J.W.Grau. UNCONTROLLABLE SHOCK INDUCES A BEHAVIORAL DEFICIT IN THE RAT SPINAL CORD: ROLE OF GABA Program No. 166.6. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

52.       A.R.Ferguson, E.D.Crown, B.C.Patton, J.W.Grau. INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE NMDA ANTAGONIST MK - 801 PREVENTS THE BEHAVIORAL DEFICIT OBSERVED AFTER NONCONTINGENT SHOCK IN SPINALIZED RATS Program No. 166.7. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

53.       G.T.Liu, E.R.Crown, R.C.Miranda, J.W.Grau. INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING WITHIN THE RAT SPINAL CORD: LOCALIZATION OF THE ESSENTIAL NEURAL CIRCUIT Program No. 167.17. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

54.       M.A.Hook, G.Garcia, E.D.Crown, A.R.Ferguson, R.C.Miranda, J.W.Grau. UNCONTROLLABLE NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION UNDERMINES LOCOMOTOR RECOVERY IN SPINALLY CONTUSED RATS Program No. 204.11. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

55.       E.D.Crown, J.W.Grau. DESCENDING SEROTONERGIC SYSTEMS PROTECT SPINAL CORD NEURONS FROM THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION. Program No. 363.3. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

56.       J.M.Olson, G.Garcia, S.N.Washburn, R.C.Miranda, J.W.Grau. PRETREATMENT WITH THE ENDOTOXIN LPS ENHANCES RECOVERY IN RATS AFTER A CONTUSION INJURY Program No. 800.6. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002. CD-ROM.

 

57. Bopp, A.C., Ferguson, A.R., Miranda, R.C., Grau, J.W. (2003). Blocking neural conduction rostral to an injury in rats has a protective effect that reduces the adverse consequences of nociceptive stimulation. Program No. 744.11. 2003 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

 

58. Washburn, S.N., Grau, J.W. (2003). The kappa-2 opiod receptor agonist GR89696 produces a behavioral deficit in spinalized rats. Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM. Abstract

 

59. Ferguson, A. R., Hook, M. A., Garcia, G., Bresnahan, J.C., Beattie, M.S., Grau, J.W. (2003). A simple transformation that improves the metric properties of the BBB scale for rats with moderate to severe spinal cord injury. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C.: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

 

60. Patton, B.C., Hook, M.A., Crown, E.D., Ferguson, A. R., Grau, J.W. (2003). The behavioral deficit observed following uncontrollable shock in spinalized rats depends on protein synthesis. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

 

61. Bolding, K.A., Hook, M.A., Ferguson, A.R., Grau, J.W. (2003). The general protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide-I, dose-dependently prevents a shock-induced behavioral deficit in spinalized rats. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003.

 

62. Hook, M.A., Ferguson, A.R., Garcia, G., Washburn, S.N., Koehly, L. M., Grau, J. W. (2003) Monitoring recovery after injury: equal statistical power in half the time. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

 

63. Bigbee, A. J., Crown, E.D., Ferguson, A.R., Shah, R., Roy, R., Tillakaratne, N., Tobin, A.J., Grau, J. W., Edgerton, V. R. (2003) Instrumental spinal learning is inhibited by unilateral, extensor-biased motor training in spinally transected rats. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C.: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

 

64. Liu, G.T., Miranda, R. C., Wilkie, J. M., Washburn, S. N., Bolding, K. A., Hook, M.A., Crown, E. D., Ferguson, A. R., Grau, J. W. (2003) Exposure to uncontrollable nociceptive stimulation increases vulnerability to apoptosis in spinally transected rats. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2003. CD-ROM.

65. Ferguson, A.R., Hook, M.A., & Grau, J.W.  (2004) Uncontrollable stimulation inhibits plasticity within the rat spinal cord: Role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. CD-ROM.

66. Liu, G.T., Ferguson, A.R., Huie, R., Bopp, A.C., Hook, M.A., & Grau, J.W.  (2004) Morphine treatment slows recovery after a contusion injury in rats and does not reduce the negative consequences of aversive stimulation. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. CD-ROM.

67. Washburn, S.N., Patton, B.C., Ferguson, A.R., & Grau, J.W. (2004) Exposure to uncontrollable stimulation during pentobarbital anesthesia has a long-term disruptive effect on spinal cord function. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. CD-ROM.

68. G—mez-Pinilla, F., Ying, Z., Ferguson, A., Crown, E., Edgerton, V.R., & Grau, J.W. (2004) BDNF supports spinal cord learning. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. CD-ROM.

69. Huie, J.R., Ferguson, A.R., & Grau, J.W. (2004) Instrumental learning in spinalized rats: neuropathic pain inhibits learning in the spinal cord. Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, D.C: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. CD-ROM.

70. Ferguson, A.R., Hook, M.A., & Grau, J.W. (2004) Loss of learning in the spinal cord: Role of glutamate systems.  National Neurotrauma Society, San Diego.

71. Bopp, A.C., & Grau, J.W. (2004) Brain-Dependent Processes Contribute to the Adverse Consequences of Nociceptive Stimulation on Recovery of Function. National Neurotrauma Society, San Diego.

72. Washburn, S.N., Hook, M.A., Ferguson, A.R., Crown, E.D., Garcia, G., Bolding, K.A., Miranda, R.C., & Grau, J.W. (2004) Uncontrollable stimulation undermines recovery of function after spinal cord injury. National Neurotrauma Society, San Diego.